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The Life and Works of Henri Matisse

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The undisputed leader of the Fauve Group, and regarded as one of the great formative figures in 20th century art, Henri Matisse was a master of the use of color and form to convey emotional expression.

Born on December 31, 1869 in Cateau-Cambresis, in the north of France, Matisse grew up in a middle-class family. Eventually, he studied and began to practice law. However, while recovering from a medical ailment, Matisse began painting and became intrigued by it. Soon, he gave up his law practice and moved to Paris to study art formally.

In 1893, Matisse’s work was noticed by Gustav Moreau, an art teacher in Paris. Moreau eventually asked Matisse to join his atelier without requiring an entrance exam. Matisse officially joined Moreau’s atelier in 1895. In 1896 and 1897, Matisse first exhibited his work in the Salon de la Société Nationale.

Matisse’s early style was a conventional form of naturalism, using many of the elements found in the works of several of the old masters. He also heavily studied more contemporary art, especially that of the impressionists.

Matisse’s eventual artistic liberation, in terms of the use of color to render forms and organize spatial planes, came through the influence of French painters Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin and the tragic Dutchman, Vincent Van Gogh. Later, he developed his style further after the work of Henri Edmond Cross and Paul Signac, using small strokes of pure pigment to create the strongest visual vibration of intense color.

In 1905, Matisse’s liberation was easily shown in several of his commissioned works for Sergey Shchukin, a Moscow industrialist, who frequently bought out Matisse’s studios around this time. Shchukin requested that Matisse paint two murals for the grand staircase of his house in Moscow, the Trubetskoy Palace. The themes of the paintings were to be “Dance” and “Music.”

One of the paintings that came from Shchukin’s assignment was The Dance, or La Danse. Matisse is said to have gotten the idea for this painting in Collioure in 1905 while watching fishermen and peasants on the beach in a circular dance called a sardana. Although the traditional sardana is a rather stately routine, La Danse is a strikingly more intense version. The circle of stamping and twisting represents every motion to be as ancient as the dance itself.

In 1914, war broke out in France. Too old to fight, Matisse was too wise to imagine that his art could interpose itself between history and its victims, and he was too certain of his alms as an artist to change them. Through the war years, Matisse’s art grew more and more abstract, as well as more amplified. A good example of his style during this time period can be seen in The Moroccans from 1916.

In 1917, Matisse moved permanently to the South of France. “In order to paint my pictures, I need to remain for several days in the same state of mind, and I do not find this in any atmosphere but that of the Cote d’Azure,” he said. He spent most of the rest of his days living in the Hotel Regina in a vast apartment where he was able to have room to create. The elements of his time in his new residence frequently appeared in many of his later paintings. In fact, Matisse once said he wanted his art to have the effect of a good armchair on a tired businessman.

Overall, Matisse’s work reflects a number of influences, including stylized forms of the masks and sculpture of African art, the decorative quality of Near Eastern art, the brightness of the French impressionists and the simplified forms of Cézanne and the cubists.

Although he was often bedridden during his last years, he was able to keep himself occupied by creating works of brilliantly colored paper cutouts on canvas called decoupage. Matisse died in 1954 in Nice, having enjoyed international fame and adoration from critics, collectors, and younger painters – something not many artists in history were able to do.

Several other notable works by Matisse include:

Interior with a Violin Case

Still Life with Oranges

Blue Nude II

Red Fish

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Impressionism – Matisse, Klimt, and Picasso

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The early 20th century art scene is arguably one of the most exciting periods of art. The artists of the time were beginning to have liberties that they had never previously had. There was a newfound freedom and ability to work in ways that had never before been accepted in the art world. Sometimes this new sense of freedom created a lot controversy. This controversy was certainly evident in the works of Matisse, Klimt, and Picasso.

The Woman with the Hat is an oil painting done on stretched canvas. It was painted by Henri Matisse in the year 1905. It is thirty one inches tall and 23 inches wide. It is currently at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.

The style of Matisse used in The Woman with the Hat would later cause Matisse to react against his earlier fauvist style. Fauvism, is a style that is characterized by large brush movements and very bold color uses. The word fauves literally translates to mean “wild beasts.” In The Woman with the Hat, Matisse created a piece where the colors were very aggressively applied to the canvas.

Matisse brought The Woman with the Hat to 1905 Salon d’Automne. At the Salon, Matisse’s work created a large controversy. The subject matter, a clothed lady was by no means controversial. Instead it was the manner in which Matisse painted the woman. The Woman with the Hat uses very crude drawing, sketchy buswork, and colors that seem extremely arbitrary towards the final composition. Overall, it creates a lot of dissonance in piece and this dissonance was largely what people were reacting against.

The Kiss is a painting by the artist Gustav Klimt. It is a work done on stretched canvas in the medium of oil paint. It was painted between the years 1907 and 1908. It is an extremely large piece measuring at five feet, ten inches by six feet in size. It is currently located at Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna.

The Kiss is a painting done in the style of Art Noveau. Art Noveau was also sometimes referred to as Sezessionstil because it was largely associated with the succession of Viena. Art Noveau was a group of artists that was started in the late nineteenth century. It was an extremely progressive group of artists who seceded from conservative academics in and attempt to form dramatically more liberal associations.

Gustav Kilmt is one of the artists who was heavily involved in the sucession movement. Between 1907 and 1908 he worked in what has become known as his golden style. This style is represented In The Kiss. This style became known as his golden style to his usage of the color gold. The main figurative element of The Kiss is two couples embracing in a kiss. This couple is surrounding in an aura of gold.

The couple represented in The Kiss are in a state of tension. The body language of the woman especially does not point to the relationship being completely desired by both parties. This was largely intended as a political message. The Secession was a revolt against the political powers of the time. In Klimt’s work, The Kiss, the woman in the figure is meant to be representative of Vienna; not entirely into the relationship and wanting to break apart.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is work of oil on canvas. It was created by Pablo Picasso in 1907. It’s a very large work and is eight feet by seven feet, eight inches. It is housed in The Museum of Modern Art, in New York City.

Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous cubist painters and sculptors. His work, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is a cubist works. One of his influences was Iberian figurative works. This Iberian influence is largely apparent in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, especially in the facial configurations of the thre three woman on the left side of the piece. The figures in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are somewhat simplified. They have very paired down features with wide eyes that are shaped like almonds.

The two women on the right hand side of Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are painted in a dramatically different style then the women on the left. These woman were painted in a style that was inspired by African masks that Picasso had seen in a show in Paris. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was intended as a response to Matisse’s work Le Bonheur de Vivre, which was done in a style more similar to the French classical tradition.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was certainly not a tradition piece. The title is somewhat misleading. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon literally translates to “The Woman of Avignon,” however the Avignon that Picasso was referring to was the Avignon which is the red light district of Barcelona. While “demoiselles” literally translates to mean “young woman,” it is also a euphemism for prostitutes. Many in the art world, including Picassos friends were horrified by the subject matter of the piece.

Matisse, Klimt, and Picasso were all controversial artists. Often their work was not purely about their work. It was about politics, about society, and about the culture of the time. Their works were sometimes intended to be controversial. They were always meant to incite an emotional and/or intellectual reaction by the viewer. In this regards, these works from the early twentieth century are extremely exciting.

The early 20th century art scene is arguably one of the most exciting periods of art. The artists of the time were beginning to have liberties that they had never previously had. There was a newfound freedom and ability to work in ways that had never before been accepted in the art world. Sometimes this new sense of freedom created a lot controversy. This controversy was certainly evident in the works of Matisse, Klimt, and Picasso.

The Woman with the Hat is an oil painting done on stretched canvas. It was painted by Henri Matisse in the year 1905. It is thirty one inches tall and 23 inches wide. It is currently at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.

The style of Matisse used in The Woman with the Hat would later cause Matisse to react against his earlier fauvist style. Fauvism, is a style that is characterized by large brush movements and very bold color uses. The word fauves literally translates to mean “wild beasts.” In The Woman with the Hat, Matisse created a piece where the colors were very aggressively applied to the canvas.

Matisse brought The Woman with the Hat to 1905 Salon d’Automne. At the Salon, Matisse’s work created a large controversy. The subject matter, a clothed lady was by no means controversial. Instead it was the manner in which Matisse painted the woman. The Woman with the Hat uses very crude drawing, sketchy buswork, and colors that seem extremely arbitrary towards the final composition. Overall, it creates a lot of dissonance in piece and this dissonance was largely what people were reacting against.

The Kiss is a painting by the artist Gustav Klimt. It is a work done on stretched canvas in the medium of oil paint. It was painted between the years 1907 and 1908. It is an extremely large piece measuring at five feet, ten inches by six feet in size. It is currently located at Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna.

The Kiss is a painting done in the style of Art Noveau. Art Noveau was also sometimes referred to as Sezessionstil because it was largely associated with the succession of Viena. Art Noveau was a group of artists that was started in the late nineteenth century. It was an extremely progressive group of artists who seceded from conservative academics in and attempt to form dramatically more liberal associations.

Gustav Kilmt is one of the artists who was heavily involved in the sucession movement. Between 1907 and 1908 he worked in what has become known as his golden style. This style is represented In The Kiss. This style became known as his golden style to his usage of the color gold. The main figurative element of The Kiss is two couples embracing in a kiss. This couple is surrounding in an aura of gold.

The couple represented in The Kiss are in a state of tension. The body language of the woman especially does not point to the relationship being completely desired by both parties. This was largely intended as a political message. The Secession was a revolt against the political powers of the time. In Klimt’s work, The Kiss, the woman in the figure is meant to be representative of Vienna; not entirely into the relationship and wanting to break apart.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is work of oil on canvas. It was created by Pablo Picasso in 1907. It’s a very large work and is eight feet by seven feet, eight inches. It is housed in The Museum of Modern Art, in New York City.

Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous cubist painters and sculptors. His work, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is a cubist works. One of his influences was Iberian figurative works. This Iberian influence is largely apparent in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, especially in the facial configurations of the thre three woman on the left side of the piece. The figures in Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are somewhat simplified. They have very paired down features with wide eyes that are shaped like almonds.

The two women on the right hand side of Les Demoiselles d’Avignon are painted in a dramatically different style then the women on the left. These woman were painted in a style that was inspired by African masks that Picasso had seen in a show in Paris. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was intended as a response to Matisse’s work Le Bonheur de Vivre, which was done in a style more similar to the French classical tradition.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon was certainly not a tradition piece. The title is somewhat misleading. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon literally translates to “The Woman of Avignon,” however the Avignon that Picasso was referring to was the Avignon which is the red light district of Barcelona. While “demoiselles” literally translates to mean “young woman,” it is also a euphemism for prostitutes. Many in the art world, including Picassos friends were horrified by the subject matter of the piece.

Matisse, Klimt, and Picasso were all controversial artists. Often their work was not purely about their work. It was about politics, about society, and about the culture of the time. Their works were sometimes intended to be controversial. They were always meant to incite an emotional and/or intellectual reaction by the viewer. In this regards, these works from the early twentieth century are extremely exciting.

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